Strokes are medical emergencies that require immediate attention. Recognizing the warning signs 15 minutes before a stroke (or during the early stages) can save lives and minimize long-term damage. Here are four critical warning signs to watch for:

1. Sudden Numbness or Weakness
- What to Look For:
- Numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body (face, arm, or leg).
- Drooping on one side of the face (e.g., uneven smile).
- Why It Happens:
- A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, affecting the brain’s ability to control muscles.
2. Difficulty Speaking or Understanding Speech
- What to Look For:
- Slurred speech or difficulty forming words.
- Confusion or trouble understanding what others are saying.
- Why It Happens:
- The part of the brain responsible for language (often the left hemisphere) is affected by the lack of blood flow.
3. Sudden Vision Problems
- What to Look For:
- Blurred, double, or complete loss of vision in one or both eyes.
- Difficulty focusing or seeing clearly.
- Why It Happens:
- The occipital lobe (responsible for vision) or the pathways connecting it may be impacted by the stroke.
4. Severe Headache or Dizziness
- What to Look For:
- A sudden, severe headache with no known cause.
- Dizziness, loss of balance, or trouble walking.
- Why It Happens:
- A hemorrhagic stroke (caused by bleeding in the brain) often leads to a sudden, intense headache.
- Dizziness and balance issues occur because the brainstem or cerebellum, which control coordination, may be affected.
What to Do If You Notice These Signs
- Act FAST:
- Face: Ask the person to smile. Does one side droop?
- Arms: Ask them to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward?
- Speech: Ask them to repeat a simple phrase. Is their speech slurred or strange?
- Time: If you observe any of these signs, call emergency services immediately.
- Do Not Wait:
- Time is critical. The sooner treatment begins, the better the chances of recovery.
- Note the time when symptoms first appeared, as this information is crucial for medical professionals.